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Science Knowledge 23/05/2025 23:18

Early puberty in girls on the rise — Researchers may have pinpointed the reason behind it

Understanding the typical age range and signs of the first menstrual period helps girls and caregivers prepare for this important milestone in puberty with confidence and knowledge.

When Do Girls Usually Have Their First Period?
Puberty generally begins around age 11, but it’s normal for it to start anytime between 8 and 14 years old. One of puberty’s key events is the onset of menstruation, commonly called the first period. Although it’s not the earliest sign of puberty, it remains a significant and memorable milestone. On average, girls get their first period around 12 years of age, but various factors can influence the timing.

In the United States, the typical age range for a first period is between 10 and 15 years old. It’s not uncommon for some girls to start as early as 8 or as late as 16. Genetics, ethnicity, nutrition, environment, and body weight all play roles in determining when menstruation begins. For example, girls engaged in rigorous athletic training or who are underweight might experience a delayed onset.

Worried woman mother touching stomach abdomen of daughter complaining of abdominal pain at home. Teen girl child feeling unwell after eating too much, suffering from stomachache. Children and health
Predicting the First Period
While exact timing is difficult to predict, a few biological markers can help estimate when the first period might occur. Typically, menstruation begins about two years after breast development starts. Additionally, many girls notice a mucus-like vaginal discharge about six months to a year before their first period.

What Does Starting Your Period Mean?
During puberty, the body produces adult levels of hormones. The brain signals the ovaries to release estrogen and progesterone, hormones responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle.
These hormones cause the lining of the uterus to thicken each month, preparing for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn’t occur, the lining breaks down and is shed through menstruation — the period. This cycle generally repeats every month.

Three young multiracial kid girls hugging each other, having good time and playing.

It’s normal for periods to be irregular during the first year or two after they begin, sometimes occurring every three weeks or spaced out by two months. Tracking cycles with apps can help identify unusual patterns and can be a useful tool when consulting a healthcare provider.

How to Prepare for the First Period
Since predicting the exact timing is difficult, preparation is key. Here are some practical steps:

  • Talk openly with a trusted adult and ask any questions you have.

  • Keep menstrual products like pads or tampons handy in your backpack or purse.

  • Carry an extra pair of pants or leggings in your locker or bag for emergencies.

  • Learn where to access menstrual supplies at school, such as the nurse’s office or bathrooms.

Supporting Your Child Through Their First Period
Many parents find discussing puberty and menstruation uncomfortable due to cultural stigma or personal experiences. However, fostering open, honest conversations is essential for your child’s health and confidence.
Tips to support your child include:

  • Answer their questions clearly and honestly.

  • Use natural moments, like shopping for menstrual products or discussing family health, to introduce the topic.

  • Ask what they know or wonder about periods and menstrual products.

  • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different menstrual products.

  • Emphasize that menstruation is a normal and natural process.

  • Use precise, clear language for body parts and functions.

Conversations can be spread out over years, starting with simple facts at a young age and building understanding over time.

The Takeaway
Most girls begin menstruating between ages 10 and 15, though it can happen earlier or later. Genetics, diet, environment, and body weight influence timing. Preparation through education, open dialogue, and ready access to menstrual supplies empowers girls to face this milestone with ease and confidence.

Biography

  • Dr. Primrose Freestone: Senior Lecturer in Clinical Microbiology at the University of Leicester, expert in human microbial interactions and hygiene practices.

Note:
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